Such a network architecture in the human brain facilitates efficient information segregation and integration at low wiring and energy costs, which presumably results from natural selection under the pressure of a cost-efficiency balance. One of the most influential findings is that human brain networks exhibit prominent small-world organization. In the past decade, the combination of non-invasive neuroimaging techniques and graph theoretical approaches enable us to map human structural and functional connectivity patterns (i.e., connectome) at the macroscopic level. Modelling the human brain as a complex network has provided a powerful mathematical framework to characterize the structural and functional architectures of the brain.
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